= NOW 25 WPM = TEXT IS FROM DECEMBER 2020 QST PAGE 80 = THICK. MICROWAVE SIGNALS MAY BE REFRACTED BY A LAYER ONLY 100 FEET THICK. WEATHER SYSTEMS AND TROPO THE MOST COMMON WEATHER SYSTEMS FORMING LONG DISTANCE TROPO ARE STABLE ANTICYCLONIC HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS AND WAVE CYCLONES. STABLE HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS OCCUR IN LATE SUMMER AND EARLY FALL. THESE BRING THE MAJORITY OF LONG DISTANCE AND LONG DURATION TROPO OPENINGS. THESE HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS MAY STALL OUT OVER EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, AND SOMETIMES A HURRICANE MAY BLOCK THEM FOR DAYS. THE AIR IN A HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM SINKS TOWARDS GROUND IN A PROCESS CALLED SUBSIDENCE. AS THE AIR IS FORCED DOWN, IT IS COMPRESSED, HEATED, AND DRIED. THIS CREATES LAYERS OF WARM, DRY AIR OVER COOL MOIST AIR AN INVERSION. SUBSIDENCE THUS CREATES STRONG, STABLE INVERSIONS. ACCORDING TO EMIL POCOCK, W3EP, WHO WROTE THE ARTICLE, THE WEATHER THAT BRINGS VHF DX IN THE MAY 1983 ISSUE OF QST, WAVE CYCLONES CAN ALSO CREATE TROPO. THESE SYSTEMS = END OF 25 WPM TEXT = QST DE W1AW <