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ITU IN 1927 THERE WERE MANY DIFFERENT SYSTEMS USED IN VARIOUS SERVICES,
SUCH AS MARITIME, POLICE, NAVIES, AIR SERVICES, AND PHONE COMPANIES IN
VARIOUS ENGLISH SPEAKING PARTS OF THE WORLD.  THEY SOMETIMES REFLECTED
INTERESTING CULTURAL TRAITS OF THE CREATORS AND USERS.  ONE OF MY FAVORITE
HISTORICAL SYSTEMS IS THE 1917 BRITISH ROYAL NAVY SYSTEM SEE TABLE 4.
QUEENIE FOR Q.  BUTTER AND PUDDING ARE SOMETHING NO SELF RESPECTING BRIT
COULD LIVE WITHOUT.  LONDON, OF COURSE, 

ENGLISH, AND FOREIGN AMATEURS NEED TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND NATIVE ENGLISH
SPEAKERS OR OTHER NON NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH CORRECTLY.  FROM ITS
INCEPTION, THE RESEARCH WAS INTENDED TO HELP BOTH INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION AND THE US MILITARY AVIATION.  THE RESEARCH PROJECT, WHICH WAS
CARRIED ON AT OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, WAS TASKED TO COORDINATE WITH, AND
REPORT TO, THE ICAO AND THE CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION CAA THE
PREDECESSOR TO THE FAA.  ALTHOUGH THE ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE AN IMPROVED SYSTEM
STARTED OUT WITH THE US MILITARY SYSTEM AS A STARTING TEMPLATE, ONLY FOUR
LETTERS, C CHARLIE, M MIKE, V VICTOR, AND X X RAY, SURVIVED BY THE TIME
ICAO ADOPTED THE FINAL NEW SYSTEM IN 1956.  ADAPTIVE ENUNCIATION  THE
FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE INTERESTING, AND IMPORTANT, FINDINGS AND
RESULTANT MODIFICATIONS/CHANGES INCORPORATED IN THE CURRENT SYSTEM YOU MAY
HAVE NOTICED TWO NON STANDARD ENGLISH SPELLINGS IN THE CURRENT SYSTEM ALFA
AND JULIETT, INSTEAD OF ALPHA AND JULIET, AS NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS
NORMALLY SPELL THEM.  THEY ARE INTENTIONAL MODIFICATIONS.  THE RESEARCH
DISCOVERED, CONFIRMING WHAT HAD BEEN NOTICED FROM EXPERIENCE BY AVIATORS

PHONETIC RESEARCH  WHILE RESEARCHING THIS ARTICLE, I CAME ACROSS A 1962 US
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT COMPREHENSIVELY REVIEWING THE SERIES OF RESEARCH
CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE
ORIGINALLY PROPOSED ICAO SYSTEM AND HOW THEY WERE IMPROVED.  TO MY
SURPRISE, I FOUND THAT THERE WAS PROFOUND HISTORY, WELL DELINEATED
OBJECTIVES, AND A GREAT DEAL OF SERIOUS RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE US AND OTHER
GOVERNMENTS BEHIND THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM.
WHAT WE HAVE NOW IS A CULMINATION OF MANY DECADES OF EXPERIENCE AND MANY
YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.  ALSO, TO MY DELIGHT, THE PARTICULAR US
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT WAS AUTHORED BY STEVE STUNTZ, K6FS, A FELLOW LOCAL CLUB
MEMBER AND, UNFORTUNATELY, A SILENT KEY.  THE RESEARCH, AUTHORIZED AND
FUNDED BY THE US MILITARY, MADE CLEAR WHAT SPECIFIC ISSUES IT HAD TO
ADDRESS  EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH AMONG FOREIGN NATIONALS IS
OFTEN HAMPERED BY DEVIATIONS FROM CUSTOMARY PRONUNCIATION PATTERNS.  IT IS
INTENDED TO STANDARDIZE ON THE USE OF GENERAL AMERICAN BY ALL NATIONALITIES
IN A MULTI LINGUAL GROUP OF TALKERS ORIENTAL, CENTRAL, AMERICAN, EUROPEAN.
IN AMATEUR RADIO COMMUNICATION, WE OFTEN FACE THE SAME PROBLEM AS IN
AVIATION AND MILITARY COMMUNICATION.  IN HAM RADIO WE NEED TO ACCURATELY
UNDERSTAND AMATEURS WHOSE FIRST LANGUAGE IS NOT ENGLISH, SPEAKING ACCENTED
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