‰ NOW 5 WPM ‰ TEXT IS FROM DECEMBER 2017 QST PAGE 32 ‰ MY QUESTIONS, THOUGH. IF NORTH AMERICA IS NOT A SPORADIC E HOTSPOT, THEN WHY DO HAMS OCCASIONALLY ENCOUNTER GOOD SPORADIC E PROPAGATION IN THE US? I THEN DISCOVERED THAT AMATEURS OVER THE YEARS HAVE NOTICED THAT SPORADIC E ƒ QST DE W1AW ‰ OPENINGS SEEM TO HAPPEN NEAR UPPER LEVEL TROPOSPHERIC NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE DISTURBANCES, AS WELL AS THE REGULAR SPORADIC E OPENINGS. REMEMBERING THE ‰ END OF 5 WPM TEXT ‰ QST DE W1AW ƒ