‰ NOW 20 WPM ‰ BEEN LED TO BELIEVE THAT HIGHER IS ALWAYS BETTER. THIS IS NOT QUITE SO TRUE FOR CONSISTENT COVERAGE OF MEDIUM OR SHORT DISTANCE SIGNALS. IF NVIS ONLY INVOLVED PUTTING UP A LOW HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED ANTENNA ON 40 METERS THE STORY WOULD END HERE. HOWEVER, REAL CLOUD WARMING IS MORE COMPLICATED. IT ALSO INVOLVES THE INTELLIGENT CHOICE OF MORE THAN JUST ONE OPERATING FREQUENCY TO ACHIEVE RELIABLE ALL DAY, ALL NIGHT COMMUNICATIONS COVERAGE. FIGURE 5 SHOWS THE SIGNAL STRENGTH PREDICTED USING VOACAP FOR THE 350 MILE PATH FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO LOS ANGELES FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER FOR A PERIOD OF LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY SSN OF 20. THE ANTENNAS I USED IN THIS CASE ARE 10 FOOT HIGH DIPOLES, JUST FOR SOME VARIETY. THESE ACT ALMOST LIKE 20 ‰ FROM PAGE 96 ‰ 1690 2 33 5,738 MI TAARS NC4EC 1878 2 27 5,610 NC Kishwaukee ARC WA9CJN ‰ END OF 20 WPM TEXT ‰ QST DE W1AW ƒ