‰ NOW 20 WPM ‰ TEXT IS FROM AUGUST 2008 QST PAGES 62, 63 AND 85 ‰ THAT AND THUS WILL BE MUCH LESS EFFECTIVE AS LIGHTNING PROTECTION GROUNDS. AS AN RF GROUND FOR AN ANTENNA, THE INSULATION WONT MAKE MUCH DIFFERENCE. FIGURE 1 SHOWS THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A VERTICAL MONOPOLE FED AGAINST A SINGLE GROUND RADIAL. WITH MULTIPLE RADIALS, THE CURRENTS THROUGH THE CAPACITANCE WOULD DIVIDE AMONG THE RADIALS TO RETURN VIA THE PARALLEL CONNECTIONS. THE INSULATION WILL MAKE VERY LITTLE DIFFERENCE, PERHAPS A SLIGHT INCREASE IN THE CAPACITANCE OF THE PATH. THE CURRENT WILL MOSTLY RETURN THROUGH THE RADIAL WIRES SINCE THE EARTH WILL HAVE A MUCH HIGHER RESISTANCE. IN SUMMARY, THE ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTION DEPENDS VERY MUCH ON WHETHER YOU ARE LOOKING FOR AN RF GROUND FOR AN ANTENNA OR A LIGHTNING ‰ FROM PAGE 85 ‰ N2TN/340 WA2NHA/341 JP1NWZ/341 ON5PO/338 DK5QK/348 N3ED/351 DK8DB/340 ‰ END OF 20 WPM TEXT ‰ QST DE W1AW ƒ